Human vs. Machine: The Future of Aerial Combat with AI

In September 2021, an F-16 fighter controlled by artificial intelligence (AI) engaged in a dogfight with another F-16 piloted by humans at the US Air Force Test Pilot Training School at Edwards Air Force Base. This exercise was part of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Air Combat Evolution (ACE) program, aimed at developing automated control systems with capabilities equivalent to human pilots.

The X-62A, also known as the In-Flight Simulation Test Aircraft (VISTA), is based on Lockheed Martin’s F-16D fighter and is equipped with a Block 40 avionics system and various modifications for AI integration. The X-62A has demonstrated the ability to fly without a pilot for long hours, and DARPA aims to use machine learning to replace humans in controlling aircraft, especially in complex and unpredictable situations like aerial combat.

However, aerial combat trials conducted at high altitudes and speeds require strict safety regulations to prevent accidents and chaos. Despite AI controlling the X-62A, there is always a pilot present in the cockpit for safety. The ACE program aims to regulate AI, establish ethical guidelines for its use, and study human trust in AI. Successful implementation of ACE could lead to AI systems taking over pilot roles in combat and allowing pilots to focus on more strategic aspects of missions.

With ongoing trials and developments, DARPA is working towards creating AI systems that can enhance aerial combat capabilities and potentially change the dynamics of air warfare. Through the ACE program, DARPA aims to push the boundaries of technology and explore new possibilities in aviation.