Kidney stones are a prevalent urinary disease that occur when minerals in urine crystallize and accumulate over time. A study by MSc. Nguyen Truong Hoan from the Department of Urology at Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City found that approximately 1-13% of the world population has kidney stones, with 2-12% of the Vietnamese population affected, 40% of which are kidney stones.
Treatment for kidney stones is determined by various factors such as size, location, and complexity. Small stones measuring between 4-6 mm can be dissolved and shrunk through medication and increased water intake to facilitate their excretion through urine. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive technique that uses shock wave energy to break up kidney stones. Percutaneous and endoscopic lithotripsy are minimally invasive methods that involve inserting a laser device to crush and remove stones.
In certain cases, open surgery may be necessary for larger and more complicated stones; however, this method is highly invasive and carries risks of complications, making it the least preferred option. After treatment, patients are advised to change their lifestyle habits such as drinking plenty of water, limiting certain foods and substances, exercising regularly, and having regular checkups to detect any recurring stones early on.
Individuals experiencing symptoms such as severe back pain, hematuria (blood in urine), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), painful urination, cloudy urine, fever or chills should seek medical attention immediately as they may be at risk for developing kidney stones or other UTI-related complications. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent severe complications like sepsis (a life-threatening infection) and preserve kidney function over time.