The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a school-based survey conducted every four years, in collaboration with the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Its goal is to provide new insights into the health and well-being of adolescents, understand the social determinants of health, and inform policies and practices to improve the lives of young people. The 2021/2022 HBSC survey data is presented in a series of volumes that highlight key findings on specific health topics.
This report, Volume 3 in the series, focuses on adolescent substance use, utilizing data from adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years across 44 countries and regions in Europe, central Asia, and Canada. It describes the prevalence of adolescent substance use, including cigarette smoking, electronic cigarette use, alcohol consumption, drunkenness, and cannabis use. Additionally, it explores the role of gender, age