Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when thyroid cells grow abnormally and form tumors, which can spread to other parts of the body. It is more common in women than men and includes several types such as papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Treatment for thyroid cancer varies depending on the type, stage, and individual patient condition. Surgery is typically the main method of treatment, with open surgery being preferred. This involves making an incision in the neck and removing part or all of the thyroid gland, as well as evaluating any lymph node involvement.
For early-stage patients with smaller tumors and no lymph node metastasis, endoscopic surgery through the mouth may be an option. After surgery, patients may need to take thyroid hormone replacement therapy if the entire gland was removed. In cases of high risk for recurrence or metastasis, radioactive iodine treatment may be recommended.
It’s important for individuals to undergo a checkup and biopsy to determine if a neck lump is cancerous and to assess the stage of the cancer. Modern surgical techniques and experienced doctors can help ensure safe surgeries with minimal complications. Extra treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended for cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.