The ancient desert traders known as the Nabateans ruled the region until around 300 A.D. They were attracted to the area around Wadi Musa due to its winding canyons, high peaks and plateaus, and protected valleys. However, these same features also made the area vulnerable to flooding today.
Archaeologists have spent decades studying how the Nabateans managed water in the region. They discovered that Nabatean engineers developed an intricate system of terraces and small dams to flood-proof ancient Petra. This complex system channeled water through ravines and canyons, slowed down rushing water that could lead to flooding, and directed it into storage ponds. Terraces were used to soak up water and provide space for crops.
Unfortunately, after the collapse of the Nabatean kingdom, the water management system fell into disrepair. Even with the rediscovery and development of Petra as a tourist destination in the 20th century, the dams were largely overlooked. However, plans are now underway to revive these ancient dams as part of a National Geographic Society-funded effort called Preserving Legacies. This project aims to help cultural heritage sites like Petra adapt to climate change by working with communities to protect their important sites. Local climate models are being developed, and community leaders are being consulted to determine the best ways to preserve these valuable sites for future generations.
The Nabateans faced many challenges when it came to managing water in their desert environment. Seasonal flooding and drought were two major obstacles that they had to deal with on a regular basis. Despite these challenges, they developed an impressive system of terraces and dams that allowed them to control water flow and irrigate their crops.
Today, archaeologists continue to study this ancient system of water management in order to better understand how it worked and how it can be adapted for modern needs.
The National Geographic Society has recognized the importance of preserving cultural heritage sites like Petra in light of climate change.
Through their efforts like Preserving Legacies, they hope to help communities protect their important sites while adapting them for future generations.
As we continue our own work in preserving our planet’s natural resources, we can take inspiration from this ancient civilization’s ingenuity in managing water in such challenging conditions.